English for Comunication

Note Description

Paragraph Writing Using linking words Coherence in a paragraph is the technique of making words, phrases, and sentences move smoothly and logically from one to the other. In other words, the ideas are so interwoven and "glued" together that the reader will be able to see the consistent relationship between them. It is obvious that if a paragraph is not unified, does not have a logical order, and does not have a consistent point of view, the reader is unlikely to grasp the point of the paragraph. In addition, there are other devices and techniques that will help you achieve coherence. In general, the coherence devices most helpful for making your communication clear for the reader are transitional words and phrases, repetition of key words and phrases, pronoun reference, and parallel sentence structure. Linking words or phrases help you to build a logical argument in your assignment by linking one statement to another. An assignment without linking words reads like a series of unrelated statements with no flow. Linking words can be used to • link the flow of ideas in your writing • guide your reader towards the next stage of your argument • link paragraphs together. Signalling words

1. Time/order at first, eventually, finally, first, firstly, in the end, in the first place, in the second place, lastly, later, next, second, secondly, to begin with

2. Comparison/similar ideas in comparison, in the same way, similarly

3. Contrast/opposite ideas but, despite, in spite of, even so, however, in contrast, in spite of this, nevertheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, still, whereas, yet

4. Cause and effect Accordingly, as a consequence, as a result, because, because of this, consequently, for this reason, hence, in consequence, in order to, owing to this, since, so, so that, therefore, thus

5. Examples for example, for instance, such as, thus, as follows

6. Generalisation As a rule, for the most part, generally, in general, normally, on the whole, in most cases, usually

7. Stating the obvious After all, as one might expect, clearly, it goes without saying, naturally, obviously, of course, surely

8. Attitude Admittedly, certainly, fortunately, luckily, oddly enough, strangely enough, undoubtedly, unfortunately

9. Summary/conclusion Finally, in brief, in conclusion, in short, overall, so, then, to conclude, to sum up

10. Explanation/equivalence In other words, namely, or rather, that is to say, this means, to be more precise, to put it another way

11. Addition Apart from this, as well as, besides, furthermore, in addition, moreover, nor, not only...but also, too, what is more

12. Condition In that case, then

13. Support Actually, as a matter of fact, in fact, indeed

14. Contradiction actually, as a matter of fact, in fact

15. Emphasis chiefly, especially, in detail, in particular, mainly, notably, particularly Examples

1. Time/order At first At first the freemen of both town and country had an organization and a type of property which still retained something of the communal as well as something of the private, but in the town a radical transformation was taking place.

Eventually Eventually the group did manage to buy some land in a village not far from London, but the project had to be abandoned when the villa

Tags:   humanities